Infertility · Health Library | Op. Dr. İhsan Rua

Pregnancy follow-up: Appointments and symptoms that need attention

How the health of mother and baby is monitored at pregnancy check-ups, the limits of screening tests and the situations in which you should not wait for the planned check-up.

Preventive Women’s Health3 min read

HPV and cervical screening: Understanding the next steps

Basic information for understanding the difference between an HPV test and a cell examination, what a positive result means and the follow-up plan after screening.

Gynaecology2 min read

Understanding PCOS: From menstrual cycles to long-term health

How diagnosis is approached in polycystic ovary syndrome, why symptoms vary from person to person and which areas follow-up covers.

Longevity & Healthy Ageing2 min read

Healthy ageing for women: Realistic goals for longevity

A sustainable approach that looks at healthy ageing through daily functioning, movement, bone health and personal needs.

Vaginismus3 min read

Vaginismus: Care built around safety and individual needs

Understanding the involuntary nature of vaginismus, how it is distinguished from similar causes of pain and how medical assessment and psychosocial support are considered together.

Sexual Health2 min read

Preparing for a sexual health consultation

Talking about concerns related to sexual health, understanding the possible causes of symptoms and preparing for an assessment that fits personal goals.

Vaginal Health3 min read

Vaginal dryness and energy-based procedures: What does the evidence say?

The different causes of vaginal symptoms, the questions to ask during assessment and the limits of the evidence on energy-based procedures such as laser.

Genital Aesthetics3 min read

Considering genital cosmetic procedures: Expectations, options and risks

A guide to recognising natural differences in genital appearance, understanding the cause of discomfort and discussing the benefits and risks of a possible procedure openly.

Infertility3 min read

Ovulation and fertility: What happens at an initial assessment?

Basic information about the timing of assessment when planning a pregnancy, the limits of ovulation tracking and why it is important for the couple to be assessed together.

Women’s Health1 min read

Preparing for a women’s health appointment

Practical ways to share your priorities and understand the next steps.

Menopause & Longevity1 min read

What can you discuss at a menopause consultation?

Beyond symptoms: sleep, sexual health, bone health and your quality of life.

Pregnancy1 min read

Preparing for a preconception consultation

Your health history, questions and daily habits: a little preparation for your first appointment.

Vaginismus6 min read

Vaginismus: Common and Can Be Assessed — Causes and an Individual Approach

What is vaginismus, why does it happen and how is it assessed? Causes, an individual step-by-step approach and the results reported in studies, with sources.

Vaginal Health6 min read

What Does the Science Say About Vaginal Laser? Evidence-Based Options for Dryness and Laxity

Vaginal laser was not found to differ from a sham procedure for menopause-related vaginal symptoms; it has no FDA approval. Evidence-based options from guidelines for dryness and laxity.

Infertility7 min read

What to Know Before IVF: Counselling, Timing and Realistic Expectations

Right timing, counselling and realistic expectations before IVF: the step-by-step approach in current international guidelines, and add-ons with weak evidence.

Pregnancy6 min read

Can the Glucose Loading Test Harm the Baby? What Do TJOD and ACOG Say?

Can the glucose loading test harm the baby? Its safety, timing at weeks 24–28 and the differences between the 50, 75 and 100 gram tests, from TJOD and ACOG sources.

Infertility6 min read

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pregnancy: How Is Ovulation Tracked?

With polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy can usually be achieved naturally or with treatment. Ovulation tracking and treatment steps, from the 2023 guideline.

Menopause & Longevity6 min read

Hormone Therapy at Menopause: Who Is It Suitable For? The Current Scientific Approach

Who is menopausal hormone therapy suitable for? The age 60/10-year window, contraindications, the real scale of breast cancer risk and non-hormonal options.

Menopause & Longevity6 min read

Menopause Is Not Just Hot Flushes: A Bone and Heart Health Plan After 45

Menopause is not just hot flushes: bone loss and cardiovascular risk rise faster at this stage. A bone and heart health plan after 45, from current guidelines.

Genital Aesthetics5 min read

What Is Labiaplasty and Who Is It Considered For? Expectations and Scientific Facts

What is labiaplasty, and in which situations is it assessed? Anatomical variation, the distinction between a functional complaint and a cosmetic wish, and ACOG–FIGO information on risks.

Preventive Women’s Health6 min read

When Should You See a Gynaecologist? 5 Reasons for an Annual Check-up

Five evidence-based reasons to see a gynaecologist once a year, even without symptoms: screening, menstrual pattern, reproductive plans, menopause and pelvic health.

Infertility7 min read

We Can’t Get Pregnant: How Does an Infertility Assessment Begin?

A guide based on clinical guidelines for couples who cannot conceive: when does the assessment begin, which three questions does the first examination look at, and why is the man assessed from the start?

Gynaecology6 min read

My HPV Test Was Positive: The National Screening Programme and Next Steps

What happens if your HPV test is positive? Spontaneous clearance, Türkiye’s HPV DNA screening for ages 30–65, reflex smear, colposcopy and follow-up intervals.

Pregnancy7 min read

Pregnancy Timeline: Which Test in Which Week, from the First Examination to Birth?

Which test is done in which week of pregnancy? The Sağlık Bakanlığı (Ministry of Health) 4-visit and WHO 8-contact schedules; ultrasound scans at weeks 11–14 and 18–22, NIPT and glucose load testing.

Good health begins with understanding.

Pregnancy follow-up: Appointments and symptoms that need attention

HPV and cervical screening: Understanding the next steps

Understanding PCOS: From menstrual cycles to long-term health

Healthy ageing for women: Realistic goals for longevity

Vaginismus: Care built around safety and individual needs

Preparing for a sexual health consultation

Vaginal dryness and energy-based procedures: What does the evidence say?

Considering genital cosmetic procedures: Expectations, options and risks

Ovulation and fertility: What happens at an initial assessment?

Preparing for a women’s health appointment

What can you discuss at a menopause consultation?

Preparing for a preconception consultation

Vaginismus: Common and Can Be Assessed — Causes and an Individual Approach

What Does the Science Say About Vaginal Laser? Evidence-Based Options for Dryness and Laxity

What to Know Before IVF: Counselling, Timing and Realistic Expectations

Can the Glucose Loading Test Harm the Baby? What Do TJOD and ACOG Say?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pregnancy: How Is Ovulation Tracked?

Hormone Therapy at Menopause: Who Is It Suitable For? The Current Scientific Approach

Menopause Is Not Just Hot Flushes: A Bone and Heart Health Plan After 45

What Is Labiaplasty and Who Is It Considered For? Expectations and Scientific Facts

When Should You See a Gynaecologist? 5 Reasons for an Annual Check-up

We Can’t Get Pregnant: How Does an Infertility Assessment Begin?

My HPV Test Was Positive: The National Screening Programme and Next Steps

Pregnancy Timeline: Which Test in Which Week, from the First Examination to Birth?

Plan your appointment.

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Good health begins with understanding.

Articles

Pregnancy follow-up: Appointments and symptoms that need attention

HPV and cervical screening: Understanding the next steps

Understanding PCOS: From menstrual cycles to long-term health

Healthy ageing for women: Realistic goals for longevity

Vaginismus: Care built around safety and individual needs

Preparing for a sexual health consultation

Vaginal dryness and energy-based procedures: What does the evidence say?

Considering genital cosmetic procedures: Expectations, options and risks

Ovulation and fertility: What happens at an initial assessment?

Preparing for a women’s health appointment

What can you discuss at a menopause consultation?

Preparing for a preconception consultation

Vaginismus: Common and Can Be Assessed — Causes and an Individual Approach

What Does the Science Say About Vaginal Laser? Evidence-Based Options for Dryness and Laxity

What to Know Before IVF: Counselling, Timing and Realistic Expectations

Can the Glucose Loading Test Harm the Baby? What Do TJOD and ACOG Say?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pregnancy: How Is Ovulation Tracked?

Hormone Therapy at Menopause: Who Is It Suitable For? The Current Scientific Approach

Menopause Is Not Just Hot Flushes: A Bone and Heart Health Plan After 45

What Is Labiaplasty and Who Is It Considered For? Expectations and Scientific Facts

When Should You See a Gynaecologist? 5 Reasons for an Annual Check-up

We Can’t Get Pregnant: How Does an Infertility Assessment Begin?

My HPV Test Was Positive: The National Screening Programme and Next Steps

Pregnancy Timeline: Which Test in Which Week, from the First Examination to Birth?

Plan your appointment.